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Target

M 31 — The Andromeda Galaxy

Frame / Rev
001 / A
Integration
6h 22m
M 31 — The Andromeda Galaxy
RGBRedCat 51 WIFDSony a7II · 4.92″/px
Zoom 1:1
Catalog
M 31
Class
Galaxy
Constellation
Andromeda
Distance
2,500,000 ly
Coordinates
RA 00h 42m 44s · Dec +41° 16′09″
Palette
RGB
Sessions
4 nights · Sep 2024
Sky
Bortle 9

Target & processing

I don't have the exact processing, but this image was acquired with my Sony a7II at that time (probably one of the worst camera for astrophoto), and the results is not great. Lots of problems, but I decided to post it anyway, as it shows where I started, and I'm when I see it, I'm happy to realize I did a long way since that image.

The full frame of the Sony a7II was creating a huge vignetting around the image, but with some flats it was possible to reduce this effect. However, I was not very familiar with the concept of darks / bias / flats calibration frame at that time, so it's possible I didn't acquired them properly. Unfortunately I didn't keep the raw files for this target, as I was limited to 30s exposure maximum (due to the Sony 'star eater' noise reduction algorithm, that tends to create black spot at the center of stars), I acquired a lot of subs, which was taking a lot of disk space. After a year, I did a cleanup, thinking that I wouldn't reprocess it.

Note to self

I decided, in 2026, to give another shot at M31, but with an astro camera this time (a QHY minicam8M), with a 3-panel composition (the IMX585 of the minicam8M is not a full frame, so I cannot fit the whole galaxy in a single panel), with an HaLRGB approach.

Per-filter integration

No filter data recorded.

Equipment
Optics
William Optics RedCat 51 · 250mm f/4.9
Camera
Sony a7II · Full Frame · 5.97µm / px
Mount
ZWO AM3 harmonic, no counterweight
Control
Laptop HP · NINA + PHD2
Site
Montréal, QC · Bortle 9 · 45.5° N
Adjacent frames
NGC 7000
NGC 7000
Jul 2025 · 1h 40m
M 101
M 101
Apr 2025 · 5h 40m